腹腔可触及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 叉尿管细菌细菌感染A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )叉尿管细菌细菌感染见于叉和膀胱之间，并不一定位处叉尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见于仅位处叉下。这些细菌细菌感染可体现为完全无水声或低水声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 布11A，叉尿管细菌细菌感染，此细菌细菌感染已受细菌感染，实质上含有微弱水声的容器。B，叉尿管细菌细菌感染，紧绷的细菌细菌感染前壁产生折射伪影。

..Endometriosis乳房内膜异位Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有乳房内膜异位是乳房动开刀的依然合并症，无相同体现，但可于以前开刀的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有连续性的疼痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 布12 ，剖宫产伤疤处乳房内膜异位

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生地发作性咳嗽后、喷嚏或癫痫发作后，其根本原因并不一定是抗凝病人或出血性疾病。由于血肿受到限制于腹直肌鞘内，并不一定不较大，其形似根据所处一段距离而定，在皮膜线以上，血肿常为卵圆形，偏心率呈上下顺时针，可于正上方见到（布13A）；在皮膜线以下，由于腹白线缺如，可扩展横过中都线，因此血肿体现为分叶状，其最主要宽度位处横轴上。在胎儿面有血肿可见于叉上侧边扩展（布13B、C）。术后低质量性血管壁内人体内的病人可于面有开刀瘢痕附近见到大的血肿（布13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 布13A，一中都年妇女震荡咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示腹横筋膜。B，胎儿面有血肿。C，一胎儿叉脊柱附着处上面的面有血肿。UV，叉脊柱。D，一低质量性血管壁内人体内的剖宫产术后病人疤痕处面有血肿。

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